magma chamber- is a chamber that collects magma pipe- a long tube that brings magma from the magma chamber to the Earth's surface vent- the opening in the volcano that lets the magma out lava flow- the place covered with lava when it comes out of the vent crater- a area that is shaped like a bowl that can form around the volcano's vent silica- is a material that is made out of the elements oxygen and silicon pahoehoe- is lava that is moving fast pyroclastic flow- occurs when an explosive eruption spurts out ash, cinder, bomb, in addition to gases active- a volcano that may erupt in the future dormant- a sleeping volcano extinct- a dead volcano that might not erupt hot spring- when groundwater is heated near magma the magma becomes a natural pool geyser- a fountain in the ground that steams and erupt geothermal energy- when water is heated by magma
Outline
How Minerals Form
Processes That Form Minerals
minerals can form in two ways
through crystallization of melted stuff
through crystallization of materials dissolved in H2O
Minerals From Magma
Large crystals form when magma cools slowly
Small crystals form when lava cools rapidly
Minerals from Hot Water Solutions
pure metals that crystallize underground from hot water usually form veins
ocean water seeps through cracks in earth's crust
water heats up after contacting the magma, then it dissolves minerals from the crust and rushes upward
Minerals Formed by Evaporation
minerals can form when solutions evaporate
Halite formed over millions of years when the ancient seas slowly evaporated
Where Minerals are Formed
less common or rare minerals are not distributed evenly throughout earth's crust
valuable minerals are found in or near areas of volcanic activity and mountain building
California's rich gold deposits were found along the Sierra Nevada mountain range
common minerals are distributed evenly throughout earth's crust
Table of Contents
3.2 Volcanic Activity
Vocabulary
magma chamber- is a chamber that collects magma
pipe- a long tube that brings magma from the magma chamber to the Earth's surface
vent- the opening in the volcano that lets the magma out
lava flow- the place covered with lava when it comes out of the vent
crater- a area that is shaped like a bowl that can form around the volcano's vent
silica- is a material that is made out of the elements oxygen and silicon
pahoehoe- is lava that is moving fast
pyroclastic flow- occurs when an explosive eruption spurts out ash, cinder, bomb, in addition to gases
active- a volcano that may erupt in the future
dormant- a sleeping volcano
extinct- a dead volcano that might not erupt
hot spring- when groundwater is heated near magma the magma becomes a natural pool
geyser- a fountain in the ground that steams and erupt
geothermal energy- when water is heated by magma
Outline
How Minerals Form